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This article mainly discusses the phonological system of standard French based on the Parisian dialect. Notable phonological features of French include its uvular r, nasal vowels, and three processes affecting word-final sounds: liaison, a certain type of sandhi, wherein word-final consonants are not pronounced unless followed by a word beginning with a vowel; elision, wherein certain instances of (schwa) are elided (e.g. when final before an initial vowel); and ''enchaînement'' (resyllabification), in which word-final and word-initial consonants may be moved across a syllable boundary, so that syllables may cross word boundaries. An example of these various processes is as follows: *Written: ''On a laissé la fenêtre ouverte.'' *Meaning: "The window has been left open." *In isolation: *Together: ==Consonants== Phonetic notes: * are laminal denti-alveolar , while are dentalized laminal alveolar (commonly called 'dental'), pronounced with the blade of the tongue very close to the back of the upper front teeth, with the tip resting behind lower front teeth.〔 * is much more commonly apical alveolar , then laminal denti-alveolar .〔 Before , it can be realized as retroflex .〔 * In current pronunciation, is merging with .〔(Phonological Variation in French: Illustrations from Three Continents ), edited by Randall Scott Gess, Chantal Lyche, Trudel Meisenburg.〕 * The velar nasal is not a native phoneme of French, but occurs in loan words such as ''camping'', ''bingo'' or ''kung-fu''. Some speakers who have difficulty with this consonant realize it as a sequence or replace it with . * The approximants correspond to the close vowels . While there are a few minimal pairs (such as ''loua'' 's/he rented' and ''loi'' 'law'), there are many cases where there is free variation.〔 * Some dialects of French have a palatal lateral (French: ''l mouillé'', 'moistened l'), but in the modern standard variety this phoneme has merged with .〔, 〕 See also Glides and diphthongs, below. * The French rhotic has a wide range of realizations: the uvular fricatives and (the latter also realized as an approximant), the uvular trill , the alveolar trill , and the alveolar tap . These are all recognized as the phoneme , but all except and are considered dialectal. is the standard consonant. See French guttural r and map at right. * The phoneme is not a native phoneme of French, but occurs in loan words such as ''khamsin'', ''manhua'' or ''jota''. People who have difficulty with this sound replace it with . * Some speakers pronounce and as and before and at the end of a word. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「French phonology」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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